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- sudden branch drop (SBD)sudden. unanticipated failure of a tree branch with little or no discernable defect; often associated with long. horizontal branches and warm temperatures.
- sulfur dioxidethe most abundant gaseous pollutant; results from burning coal and oil. SO2 can be a respiratory irritant. It is one of the major components of acid rain.
- summer woodsee latewood.
- sunburninjury to bark and cambium caused by a combination of radiant energy from light. and insufficient soil moisture.
- sunken stomatadrought adaptation in which the leaf pores sink slightly below the epidermal surface of a leaf resulting in less moisture loss through transpiration.
- sunscaldinjury to bark tissues on the trunk and branches caused by rapid changes in temperature. especially on warm days and cool nights in winter (contrast with scorch).
- suppression1) (pest management) management practices intended to reduce the pest population and associated plant injury to a tolerable level. 2) (fire) the fighting of forest. brush. rangeland. wildland or bush (Australia and New Zealand) fires to reduce the area of burning or to protect other resources(...)
- surface applicationplacement of fertilizer or other material on the ground surface. Broadcast.
- surface waterwater that sits or flows above the earth. including lakes. oceans. rivers. and streams (contrast with groundwater).
- susceptibilitypotential for infection and/or injury from exposure to a biotic or abiotic factor .
- suspended pavementpaved surface that is reinforced and supported with piers or other structures so that it does not rely on a compacted subgrade or soil for support.
- suspension traumacondition experienced by workers who have been sedentary for a long period of time (e.g. hanging from a harness). or who remain suspended in a fall-arrest harness following a fall. This condition is caused by severe venous pooling in the legs. reducing blood circulation to the heart. Also I(...)
- sustainabilitythe ability to maintain ecological. I social. and economic benefits over time.
- Sustainable Sites Initiative (SSI)a program created to establish national (U.S.) guidelines and performance benchmarks for sustainable land design. construction. and maintenance practices.
- sustainable urban forestmaintenance of ecological. social. and economic functions and benefits over time. Individual components of the urban forest change over time as trees die and are replaced. but the function is sustained.
- swage sleevea hollow metal fitting used to terminate a wire rope (aircraft cable).
- SWLLsafe working-load limit
- symbiosis(symbiotic) association of two different types of living organisms that is often. but not always. beneficial to each.
- symbiosis (symbiotic)association of two different types of living organisms that is not detrimental to either organism and is beneficial to one and usually both of the organisms.
- symplasmentire mass of protoplasm of all the cells in a plant. interconnected by plasmodesmata. Symplast (contrast with apoplasm ).
- symptomplant reaction to a disease or disorder (e.g. . wilting. dieback) (contrast with sign).
- symptomaticExpressing. or having. symptoms
- systemic1) substance that moves throughout an organism after it is absorbed. 2) any condition. disease. disorder. or pest that affects the entire organism.
- systemic pesticidepesticide that moves throughout a tree after it has been injected or absorbed (often by roots or foliage. or injected cambium).
t
- taglinerope used to control the swing of a limb being removed or to control the direction or fall of a tree or limb being removed.
- tanninsorganic substances produced by trees. Believed to be involved in a tree's chemical defense processes.
- tap rootcentral. vertical root growing directly below the main stem or trunk that may or may not persist into plant maturity.
- target cankertype of perennial canker that gains its name from the appearance caused by concentric rings. each of which represents a year's growth of wound tissue around the infected area.
- target organisman organism that is intended to be damaged or killed through the application of a pesticide. Timing. formulation. and application technique may be manipulated to reduce impact on nontarget organisms (see nontarget organism).
- target pruningprocess of branch removal to achieve a specified goal in which the pruning cuts are made at nodes and in relation to the positions of the branch collar and branch bark ridge.
- tauttightened to the point of eliminating visible slack.
- tautline hitchtype of friction hitch used by climbers for fall protection during ascent. descent. and work positioning.
- tautline tendersee slack tender.
- taxonomic groupany of several hierarchic levels in the classification of living organisms.
- taxonomyscience that studies the description. denomination. and classification of living organisms f based on their similarities and differences (contrast with anatomy. morphology. and physiology).
- TCIATree Care Industry Association (formerly NAA)
- T&CPATown and Country Planning Act
- TDtrunk diameter
- TDAGTree and Design Action Group
- TDRtrunk diameter ratio
- TDStie. dress. and set
- temporary branchesin structural pruning of young trees. branches (generally the lower branches) that are left in place or subordinated but will be removed later in forming the permanent scaffold framework of a tree (contrast with permanent branches).
- tensile strengthforce at which a new piece of equipment or rope in testing fails in tension under a static load.
- tensiometerinstrument used to measure soil moisture.
- tension stressstretching or pulling force on any material or substance.
- terminal budbud at the tip of a twig or shoot. Apical bud (contrast with lateral bud).
- terminationa device or configuration that secures the end of a cable to the anchor in a cabling or guying installation.
- termination hardwarehardware used to form a termination. Termination hardware includes but is not limited to dead-end grips. thimbles used in eye splices. swage sleeves. and cable-stop termination devices .
- termite kingThe king or male termite is an extremely important member in the life of the colony. The king assists in the excavation of the nuptial chamber, and shares in the early brood rearing. It mates with the queen throughout his life. The termite king starts life as a flying termite. After a brief(...)
- termite larvaeLarvae are the immature stages and resemble very small workers. Larvae grow through a number of molts to become workers, nymphs or soldiers. They are cared for by workers until they have reached the worker stage. Nymphs are immature individuals with wing buds. Then through a number of molts,(...)