Glossary

Gantt chartwork organization tool in which project schedules are plotted in a bar chart.

gatemechanism to control the opening and closing of a connecting device (see carabiner and snap).

generaplural of genus (see gemts).

general revenuefunds derived from local property taxes.

generationin entomology. a cohort of individuals _1_.. going through or having gone through a complete life cycle. Under favorable conditions. some pests can have more than one generation per year.

genus(pl. genera) taxonomic group. composed of species having similar fundamental traits. Botanical classification under the family level and above the specific epithet level.

genus (pl. genera)taxonomic group. composed of species having similar fundamental traits. Botanical -! classification under the family level and above the species level.

geotextile fabricsynthetic fabric used in landscaping and in landscape or road construction applications as a barrier under mulch or pavement to reduce weed . germination and growth. as a filter to reduce infiltration of fine soil into drainage or aeration structures (including tiles or pipes). as a barrier to(...)

girdlingrestriction or destruction of the vascular xylem within a root. stem. or branch that causes inhibition of the flow of water and photosynthates in the phloem.

GISgeographic information system

glazingTo give a smooth. glossy surface to a substrate

global positioning system (GPS)satellite navigation system that provides specially coded satellite signals that can be processed in a receiver. enabling the receiver to compute position; used in mapping locations.

GPSglobal positioning system

gradingphase of site development that provides a site with intended grades (contours. elevations. and slopes). Involves cutting and filling. See mass grading.

grading plansheet of a complete set of development plans that depicts both original and finished (changed) grades. Essential information in developing tree conservation or preservation plans.

graftto join together tissues from the same or different plants in order to combine desirable characteristics or to effect a repair (bridge graft).

graft (or bud) union

The point where the cut surfaces of two plants join to form a living union

graft unionjunction between root stock and scion Wood. Often evident by a thickening of the trunk at the union.

graftingMethod of plant propagation by attaching a bud or a scion of one plant onto another plant. forming a living union

grantfunds provided by an organization to an applicant for a project.

graywateruntreated waste water (as from sinks. baths. or washing machines) that does not contain human wastes (as from toilets) that can be used for landscape irrigation.

GRCSGood Rigging Control System

green designdesign practices that reduce or eliminate the negative environmental impacts of buildings. landscapes. or infrastructure.

green infrastructureliving plants and natural materials within developed areas. Can be incorporated with gray infrastructure (utilities. paved surfaces. and buildings) to perform important ecological functions. such as stonnwater management. erosion control. temperature buffering. and more.

green maintenance practicesusing materials. equipment. and procedures that conserve and protect natural resources. are energy efficient. and protect air and water quality.

green mulchmulch composed of green (rather than woody) organic matter and not fully composted or decomposed. Also cut or mowed herbaceous material (grasses. etc.) that are left to decompose naturally and improve the underlying soil quality.

green roofplantings designed for tops of structures that increase the urban forest canopy.

greenhouse effectrise in temperature caused by gases or materials suspended in the atmosphere that trap energy from the sun.

gripin cabling. a mechanical device that grasps and holds a cable during installation.

groundl) 11. the earth's surface and everything beneath it. 2) 11. the grade or elevation of the surface of the earth. 3) 11. a path for an electrical current to reach the earth (earth. in British English). 4) v. to create a path for an electrical current to reach the earth (earth. in British English).

ground platein a tree lightning protection system. a copper plate used to form a ground terminal in shallow soils.

ground roda metal rod used in grounding a lightning protection system.

ground terminalin a tree lightning protection system. a conductive plate or rod used to create a path to ground.

ground-to-conductor clearancein an electric utility system. the clearance or distance between live or energized conductors and the ground. In the United States. these clearances are specified in the National Electrical Safety Code (NESC).

groundcoverlow-growing plants that require minimal maintenance. used in landscaping instead of turf or mulch.

groundedelectrically connected to the earth. providing a path for the flow of electricity to preventaccidental energizing.

grounding1) 11. the act of creating a path for an electrical current to reach the earth (earthing. in British English). 2) adj. having a path for an electrical current to reach the earth (earthing. in British English).

groundwaterwater naturally stored underground in aquifers or that flows through and saturates soil and rock. supplying springs and wells (see water table; contrast with surface water).

growing mediumone or more materials. such as soil. peat moss. perlite. ground bark. or sand. in which plants are grown; especially in nursery production.

growth crackLongitudinal split in bark due to normal expansion of cambium and xylem (contrast with bark cracks); not considered a defect

growth ratespeed at which something grows per unit of time.

growth ringsrings of xylem that are visible in a cross section of the stem. branches. and roots of some trees. In temperate zones. the rings typically represent one year of growth and are sometimes referred to as annual rings.

guard cellspair of specialized cells that regulate the opening and closing of a stomate (see stomata) due to a change in water pressure within cells.

gummosisexudation of sap or gum from the bark. often in response to disease or insect damage.

guyingthe installation of a steel cable or synthetic rope cabling system between a tree and an external anchor to provide supplemental support.

gypsumhydrated calcium sulfate. Sometimes recommended as a soil conditioner or a source of calcium.