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d
- downy mildewany of various oomycetes (not true fungi) producing white. fungal-like growth that develops during wet periods. usually on the underside of a leaf (contrast with powdery mildew).
- drift linein tree rigging. variation on the load transfer technique in which the load is transferred to a second line and moved to another point. often to a second tree.
- drill-hole fertilizationapplying fertilizer by drilling holes in the soil within the root zone (contrast with broadcast fertilization and liquid fertilization).
- drip irrigationmethod of minimizing evaporation and runoff by applying small amounts of water through small emitters.
- drip lineimaginary line defined by the branch spread of a single plant or group of plants.
- dropcrotch pruning (obsolete) term for a method of reducing the height of a tree. The general rule for cuts is that leaders should be cut back to a lateral capable of assuming apical dominance. if possible. usually at least one third the diameter of the leader. See reduction.
- drop-crotch pruning(obsolete) term for a method of reducing the height of a tree. The general rule for cuts is that leaders should be cut back to a lateral capable of assuming apical dominance. impossible. usually at least one-third the diameter of the leader (see reduction).
- drop cutbranch-removal technique consisting of an undercut and then a top cut. usually made farther out on the branch. or with a chain saw. directly over the undercut.
- drop linerope used to secure the weight of a limb in rigging; load line.
- drop starttechnique used to start a chain saw by pushing the saw away from the body and simultaneously pulling the start cord.
- drop zonepredetermined area where cut branches or wood sections will be dropped or lowered from a tree (see landing zone).
- droughtperiod of unusually low precipitation.
- DRTacronym for double rope technique. Climbing system in which two separate ropes and two separate anchor points are utilized (contrast with DdRT and SRT).
- drum lacemethod of tying the root ball of a balled-and-burlapped tree for moving.
- drupestony seed inside a fleshy covering (for example. cherry and peach).
- dry season dormancydrought adaptation of acclimated plants that become dormant during the dry season.
- dshdiameter at standard height
- DWdeadwood
- dynamic cable systemany of several cabling systems that utilize elastic materials (usually rope of various constructions) for tree support systems.
- dynamic loadforces created by a moving load. Load that changes with time and motion (contrast with static load).
- dynamicsstudy of how objects move under the action of forces (contrast with statics).
- instrument for measuring mechanical force or power.
e
- EABemerald ash borer
- EACEuropean Arboricultural Council
- early-successional plant communitiesplant communities that first develop following disturbance. Succession is the replacement of one plant community by another.
- earth augersee soil auger.
- easementlegal. non-possessory interest in real property that conveys use or partial use. but not ownership. of all. or more typically a portion. of an owner's property.
- ECeElectrical conductivity of a soil extract. a physical quantity that measures the readiness with which a medium transmits electricity
- ecologythe study of the relationships between organisms and other living and non-living elements of their environment. economic threshold
- economic benefitsgoods or services provided by the urban forest that increase monetary value of property.
- ecosystemcomplex system of living organisms and their abiotic environment.
- ecotypeLocally adapted variant of an organism. differing genetically from other ceotypes
- ectomycorrhizaetype of mycorrhizae that grow between the cortical or epidermal cells of absorbing roots. forming an outer sheath around the root (see mycorrhizae; contrast with endomycorrlzizae).
- ECwElectrical conductivity of water. a physical quantity that measures the readiness with which a medium transmits electricity
- edema (oedema)watery swelling in plant tissue.
- EElEdison Electric Institute
- effluentWaste material such as liquid industrial refuse or sewage that is discharged into the environment
- EHAPelectrical hazard awareness program
- EHSextra-high strength; extra-heavy standard
- EHS cablesee extra-high-strength cable.
- electric supply linesin an electric utility system. conductors used to transmit or distribute electric energy and their necessary supporting or containing structures (see conductor; contrast with distribution lines and transmission lines).
- electric utilityI) corporation. person. agency. authority. or other legal entity aligned with distribution facilities for delivering electricity to consumers. 2) the system of facilities maintained by an electric utility to carry out its operation.
- electrical conductivity (EC)A physical quantity that measures the readiness with which a medium transmits electricity
- electrical conductor1) in an electric utility system. metal wires. cables. and other system components used for carrying electric current. Conductors may be solid or stranded (i.e.. built up by an assembly of smaller solid conductors). 2) any object. material. or medium (e.g.. guy wires. communication cables.(...)
- electrical currentamount of electricity passing through an electrical conductor. Measured in amperes (amps).
- electrical potentialdifference in electric energy between an energized conductor. another energized conductor. the ground or other object. Measured in volts.
- electrical resistancerelative opposition of an object. material. or medium to the flow of electrical current. Measured in ohms. Material such as copper has low resistance and is. therefore. a good conductor; material such as glass has high resistance and is therefore a good insulator (see ohm).
- elevating work platform (EWP)aerial platforms used on work sites in place of ladders and tower scaffolds.
- embolismair bubbles in the xylem typically entering during periods of drought or injury.
- embryorudimentary plant in the seed before it starts a period of rapid growth.