Glossary

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)an emergency procedure in which chest compressions are used to maintain circulation when the heart has stopped beating.

carotenoidyellow. orange. or red pigment oftentimes responsible for those colors in some parts of trees and other plants. Other chemicals also contribute to these colors. including anthocyanins and anthoxanthins.

CASConsulting Arborist Society

caterpillarlarva of insects in the Lepidoptera order.

cationpositively charged ion. In soils. the most abundant cations are calcium (Ca). magnesium (Mg). potassium (K). sodium (Na). and aluminum (AI) (contrast with anion).

cation exchange capacity (CEC)ability of a soil to adsorb and hold cations. Affected by soil pH. Measures soil fertility. clay composition. and engineering characteristics.

catkinspike-like flower structure. often drooping and fle exible.

CATVcable television

causal agentbiotic or abiotic agent that induces a disease or disorder.

causalityin a legal sense. breach of duty resulting in damage or injury.

causation in factin determining legal liability. the test of the proximate cause and foreseeability of the consequences.

CAVATCapital Asset Valuation of Trees

CECcation exchange capacity

cellbasic structural and functional unit of living organisms.

central leadermain stem of a tree. particularly of an excurrent specimen.

Certified Arboristan arborist who has passed an independent exam administered by the International Society of Arboriculture. and maintains the credential through continuing education.

CEUcontinuing education unit

CEZconstruction or contractor exclusion zone

CFRCode of Federal Regulations

chain sawportable power saw with teeth linked in a loop of chain.

chain saw lanyardshort rope or webbing lanyard used for securing a chain saw to a climber's harness or to an aerial lift bucket.

chain saw pantstrousers manufactured with a protective layer designed to slow or stop a chain saw chain (see chaps).

champion treea tree of great age. size. or condition when compared to trees of the same species grown under the same conditions in the same time frame (see ancient tree and veteran tree).

chapsform of leg protection or personal protective equipment (PPE) worn when operating a chain saw (see chain saw pants).

chelateschemical compounds that keep plant nutrients [usually iron (Fe)] soluble and available plant absorption over a broad range of pH.

chemical control1) control of pests using conventional. manufactured pesticides. 2) management of incompatible vegetation through the use of herbicides or growth regulators.

chemical injuryplant tissue damage caused by pesticides (insecticides. fungicides. herbicides. plant growth regulators) or other chemicals (see phytotoxicity).

Chicago gripa device used to clasp and hold EHS cable (see cable grip; contrast with Haven grip).

chipperequipment used to reduce wood into chips. There are three classes - brush chippers for branches and very small trees. log chippers for larger branches and trees. and whole tree chippers for large trees.

chlorophyllgreen pigment of plants found in chloroplasts. Captures the energy of the sun and is essential in photosynthesis.

chloroplastspecialized organelle found in some plant cells. Site of photosynthesis.

chlorosiswhitish or yellowish leaf discoloration caused by lack of chlorophyll. Often caused by nutrient deficiency.

choggingcutting and removing trunk sections in manageable lengths. which are lifted manually and thrown clear (see blocking).

chronicdisorder or disease occurring over a long period of time (contrast with acute).

circling rootsroots that grow in a circular pattern when a plant is confined in the same container longer than necessary. If not corrected. will prevent a tree from establishing well when planted and will create future problems. such as blow-over. girdling roots. and strangulation.

circuitin an electric utility system. a network with a closed loop. allowing a return path for the electrical current. Electric utility circuits may include feeders and some primaries.

city foresteran individual specializing in the fields of arboriculture and urban forestry and having responsibility for the management of all or part of planted and naturally occuring greenspaces on public land in communities (see urban forester. tree warden . municipal arborist. and tree officer).

classtaxonomic group below the division level but above the order level.

clay1) soil particles with a typical grain size less than 0.004 mm. 2) a soil predominantly composed of such particles (contrast with sand and silt).

cleaningsee crown cleaning.

clearance1) amount of open space between a tree or tree part and another object. the ground. or pedestrian or vehicle traffic on the ground. 2) in an electric utility system and utility arboriculture. the distance between trees and utility lines (especially poles. crossarms. and conductors). 3) the(...)

clevissee shackle.

climbing helmeta plastic shell equipped with an adjustable suspension system and a chinstrap. designed to disperse the energy of an object falling on the head. Some helmets may be designed to take side. front. and back impacts (contrast with hard hat).

climbing hitchhitch used to secure a tree climber to the climbing line. which permits controlled ascent. descent. and work positioning.

climbing linerope that meets specifications for use in tree climbing.

climbing saddlework-positioning harness designed for climbing trees (see harness).

climbing spurssharp devices strapped to a climber's lower legs to assist in climbing poles or trees being removed. Also called spikes. gaffs. irons. hooks. or climbers.

clonal communitiesgroups or clusters of plants that are clones. often produced from root sprouts by trees of certain species.

clonesasexually produced organisms that are genetically identical.

closed chain of custodyan end-to-end process of documented ownership for herbicides. adjuvants. and containers from manufacturer through application. and the return of returnable. reusable containers to a customer blender for refilling and reuse.