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Categories All categories Arboriculture Terms
a
- arborist blockheavy-duty pulley with an integrated connection point (bushing for attaching a rope sling). a rotating sheave for the rope. and extended cheek plates. Used in tree rigging operations.
- arborist traineeAn individual undergoing on-the-job training to obtain the experience and the competence required to provide for or supervise the management of trees and woody ornamentals. Such trainees shall be under the direct supervision of an arborist.
- AREAArboricultural Research and Education Academy
- ARPappropriate response process
- AS 4373 Pruning of Amenity Treesin Australia. industry-developed. national consensus standards of practice for pruning.
- ASCAAmerican Society of Consulting Arborists
- ascenderpiece of gear that enables a climber to ascend a rope. Attached to the rope. it will grip in one direction (down) and slide in the other (up) (contrast with descender).
- ASHSAmerican Society for Horticultural Science
- ASLAAmerican Society of Landscape Architects
- assessment districtspecial district formed by local government for property that will receive direct benefit from the construction or maintenance of public improvements in which property owners pay an assessment that is proportional to each owner's share of benefit from the improvement.
- asymptomaticwithout symptoms.
- ATFAncient Tree Forum
- atmospheric demandevapotranspiration that would occur from a well aerated soil/plant surface at field capacity; affected by energy from solar radiation and air movement.
- AUFArboriculture & Urban Forestry journal
- augertool that bores holes in wood or other materials while carrying cuttings away from the bored hole (see auger bit. soil auger).
- auger bitdrill bit that bores holes in wood or other materials while carrying cuttings away from the bored hole.
- augmentationin Plant Health Care. the release of beneficial organisms to suppress pest populations.
- auxinplant hormone or substance that promotes or regulates the growth and development of plants. Produced at sites where cells are dividing. primarily in the shoot tips. Auxin-like compounds may be synthetically produced.
- available waterwater remaining in the soil after gravitational water has drained and before the permanent wilting point has been reached. (compare to field capacity. gravitational water. permanent wilting point. and saturation point).
- axial transportmovement of water. minerals. or photosynthates longitudinally within a tree.
- axilpoint of attachment of a leaf petiole to a stem.
- axillary budbud in the axil of a leaf. Lateral bud.
- axillary shootshoot rising at the axil of a leaf.
b
- back cutcut made on a tree trunk or branch. opposite from and toward the notch. face cut. or undercut. to complete felling or branch removal (contrast with bore cut).
- back flowprocess whereby water (that may contain pesticides fertilizers. or other contaminants) is fed back into source pipes or mains through a hose connection or into a water source such as a stream. pond or lake from equipment drawing water from that source (see back flow preventer).
- back flow preventerdevice (often required by law) to prevent back flow by mc.an of an air gap or one-way valve.
- backfill1) soil or amended soil used to fill the hole when planting a tree. 2) soil. conunon fill. aggregates or contaminants in various combinations put back after an excavation. May not be suitable for tree root growth and function.
- bacteriasingle-celled organisms having a cell wall but no organized nucleus. A few species are plant pathogens.
- bactericidespesticides that are used to kill or inhibit bacteria in plants or soil.
- balancerrigging sling(s). usually with at least one spliced eye and a Prusik to position the load line. Used to rig a tree limb in a balanced configuration. not allowing either end to drop.
- ball-and-burlapNursery stock in which the plant is dug with soil surrounding the roots and then wrapped with protective material
- balled-and-burlapped(B&B) tree or other plant dug and removed from the ground for re-planting. with the roots and soil wrapped in burlap or a burlap-like fabric. Contrast with bare root. container grown. containerized. and in-ground fabric.
- balled and burlapped (B&B)tree or other plant dug and removed from the ground for re-planting. with the roots and soil wrapped in burlap or a burlap-like fabric (contrast with bare root. container grown. containerized. and in-ground fabric-bag grown).
- barber chairdangerous condition created when a tree or branch splits upward vertically from the back cut. slab up.
- bare rootI) tree or other plant removed from the ground for re-planting without soil around the roots (contrast with balled and burlapped. container grown. containerized. and in-ground fabric-bag grown). 2) the harvesting or transplanting of a tree or other plant without soil around the roots.
- barkprotective outer covering of branches and stems that arises from the cork cambium.
- bark crackingLongitudinal split in the stem. involving bark. cambium. and xylem (compare with growth crack); may be vertically or horizontally oriented
- bark tracingcutting away tom or injured bark to leave a cleanly cut edge.
- barriersee root barrier and tree protection zone barrier.
- barrier zonea chemical and anatomical barrier formed by the cambium present at the time of wounding in response to wounding. Inhibits the spread of decay into xylem tissue formed after the time of wounding. Wall 4 in the CODIT model (contrast with reaction zone).
- basal bark applicationapplication of herbicides. usually mixed with penetrating oil. to the lowest 12 to 18 inches (30 to 45 mm) of the main stem(s) of unwanted vegetation.
- basal rotdecay of the lower trunk. trunk flare. or buttress roots. Also called butt rot.
- basal swellingincreased wood growth in the area near or where the trunk and roots come together.
- basic assessmentdetailed visual inspection of a tree and surrounding site that may include the use of simple tools. It requires that a tree risk assessor walk completely around the tree trunk looking at the site. aboveground roots. trunk. and branches.
- B&Bballed and burlapped
- BBRbranch bark ridge
- bearingdevice. often relying on balls or rollers. to reduce friction between mechanical parts such as a wheel or a pulley sheave and an axle or a shaft and case connecting rod. (contrast with bushing).
- becketan auxiliary attachment point on a block or ~ l pulley. usually 180 degrees from the main attachment. that is used to reeve the rigging line in a set of -~ blocks.
- beer knotknot commonly used to join two ends of a piece of tubular webbing to create a loop (see water knot).
- best management practices (BMP)best-available. industry-recognized courses of action. in consideration of the benefits and limitations. based on scientific research and current knowledge and standards.